I. Executive Summary

The telebirr mobile application exhibits a critical and pervasive failure to meet fundamental mobile accessibility standards (WCAG 2.1 AA and Android/iOS best practices). The issues are systemic, originating from flaws in the foundational UI component library and design system, affecting virtually every screen examined.

II. Detailed Systemic Accessibility Failures

The following are the core, recurring defects found across nearly all screens:

A. Critical Functional Barrier

The most severe finding, identified through manual testing, affects the app's fundamental usability:

• Problem: All editable input fields (for numbers, IDs, and general text) do not respond to the standard screen reader gesture of Double-Tap-to-Edit.
• Result: Screen reader users are forced to use the non-standard and difficult Long Press gesture to activate the input field and summon the keyboard.
• WCAG Violation: Violates WCAG 2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation and general platform standards for Predictable Behavior, creating an absolute barrier to completing basic tasks like logging in or entering transaction details.

B. Contrast Errors

Both essential text and interactive icons fail to meet minimum contrast ratios, making content unreadable or invisible for users with low vision or color vision deficiency.

1. Text Contrast (WCAG 1.4.3):
• Failure: Pervasively fails the 4.5:1 contrast ratio. Numerous text elements were identified with ratios as low as 1.10:1 (e.g., white text on light grey background), rendering them effectively invisible.
2. Non-Text Contrast (WCAG 1.4.11):
• Failure: Pervasively fails the 3.0:1 contrast ratio. Interactive icons (ivSearch, ivGroupIcon, navigation icons) were routinely found with ratios between 1.59:1 and 2.79:1, making them indistinct from the background.

C. Touch Target Failures

Virtually all clickable elements are sized incorrectly, leading to frequent mis-taps and input errors.

1. Touch Target Size (WCAG 2.5.8):
• Failure: Consistently violates the platform standard of a 48dp minimum size for touch targets.
• Examples: The Search icon (ivSearch) was repeatedly found at 34dp x 34dp. Navigation bar items and list items were typically between 39dp and 44dp in height.

D. Screen Reader and Text Scaling Failures

The information architecture is broken for screen reader users, and text is inflexible for users who rely on scaling.

1. • Missing or Ambiguous Labels (WCAG 1.1.1, 4.1.2):
• Failure: Interactive icons (ivSearch, ivMenu) are missing essential contentDescription or accessible labels.
• Failure: Duplicate descriptive names (e.g., multiple items labeled "Payment" or "Apps") create ambiguity in the bottom navigation.
• Failure: Duplicate descriptive names (e.g., multiple items labeled "Payment" or "Apps") create ambiguity in the bottom navigation.
2. Text Scaling and Reflow (WCAG 1.4.4):
• Failure (Unit): Text size units are incorrectly set to device-independent pixels (dip) instead of the required scaled pixels (sp). This prevents users from globally scaling the font.
• Failure (Clipping): Layout containers (titleBar, topCL, rl_my_function) utilize fixed heights, causing text to be clipped, truncated, or overlapped when a user scales the font size.

III. Prioritized Remediation Plan

The following actions must be taken immediately. The solution is not screen-specific but requires the overhaul of foundational UI components and development standards.

Reference with problamatic codes

In this section, I will list codes with their problem catagory.

Unlabled items

1. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_language
2. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_fingerprint_login
3. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_back
4. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_back
5. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivUserHead
6. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivHomeSearch
7. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivHomeNotification
8. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivBalanceEye
9. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivEndekiseEye
10. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivRewardBalanceEye
11. [45,1405][951,1682]
12. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivArrow
13. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivNearby
14. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivSearch
15. [45,1786][951,2063]
16. [45,1703][951,1980]
17. [45,533][951,810]
18. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivMenu
19. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_profile
20. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_qrcode
21. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/view_profile
22. [45,1035][951,1312]

Text scaling problem with some solutions

1. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_phone_tips
• This item's text size unit is dip. Consider specifying the text size in scaled pixels (sp).
2. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_area_code
• Consider using a larger size or specifying the text size in scaled pixels (sp).
3. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/et_input
• This text is small and may be difficult for some users to read. Consider using a larger size or specifying the text size in scaled pixels (sp).
4. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_forget_pin

These TextViews have a fixed size and scalable text. Consider modifying the LayoutParams to allow for text expansion.

5. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_1
6. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_2
7. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_3
8. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_4
9. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_5
10. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_6
11. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_7
12. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_8
13. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_9
14. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_input_0
15. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvRedDot
16. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/nav_tv_title
• This item's text size unit is dip. This text is small and may be difficult for some users to read.
17. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/footer
• This ViewGroup has a fixed height and contains a TextView with scalable text. Consider modifying the LayoutParams to allow for text expansion.

Touch Target erea problems with some solutions

1. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_language
• Consider making this clickable item larger. This item's size is 46dp x 19dp. Consider making this touch target 48dp wide and 48dp high or larger.
2. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/et_input
• This item's height is 44dp. Consider making the height of this touch target 48dp or larger.
3. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_register
• This item's height is 16dp. Consider making the height of this touch target 48dp or larger.
4. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvUSSD
• Consider making this clickable item larger. This item's height is 31dp.
5. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_terms_conditions
• This item's height is 16dp. Consider making the height of this touch target 48dp or larger.
6. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvHelp
• This item's size is 41dp x 31dp.
7. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_other_login_way
• This item's height is 16dp. Consider making the height of this touch target 48dp or larger.
8. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/iv_back
• This item's size is 27dp x 27dp.
9. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tv_forget_pin
• This item's height is 19dp.
10. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivUserHead
• This item's size is 40dp x 40dp.
11. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvTips
• This item's height is 22dp.
12. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvBalance
• This item's height is 18dp.
13. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivHomeSearch
• This item's size is 30dp x 30dp.
14. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivHomeNotification
• This item's size is 30dp x 30dp.
15. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivBalanceEye
• This item's size is 26dp x 26dp.
16. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvEndekise
• This item's height is 15dp.
17. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvRewardBalance
• This item's height is 15dp.
18. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvEndekiseValue
• This item's size is 47dp x 20dp.
19. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/ivRewardBalanceEye
• This item's size is 26dp x 22dp.
20. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/tvTransactionDetail
• This item's height is 16dp.
21. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/footer
• This item's height is 43dp.
22. [0,2070][216,2181]
• This item's height is 39dp.
23. [216,2070][432,2181]
• This item's height is 39dp.
24. [432,2070][648,2181]
• This item's height is 39dp.
25. [648,2070][864,2181]
• This item's height is 39dp.

Item discription error codes

1. [216,2070][432,2181]
• Multiple items have the same description. This clickable item's speakable text: "Payment" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
2. [216,2070][432,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Payment" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
3. [216,2070][432,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Payment" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
4. [432,2070][648,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Apps" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
5. [432,2070][648,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Apps" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
6. cn.tydic.ethiopay:id/chatBot
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Submit" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
7. 2070][864,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Engage" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).
8. [864,2070][1080,2181]
• This clickable item's speakable text: "Account" is identical to that of 1 other item(s).

Final thought

I hope this detailed accessibility report supports your efforts to enhance accessibility services for everyone. If you'd like to receive future reports from me regarding your other services, feel free to reach out using the contact information below.